Environmental stimuli shape microglial plasticity in glioma
نویسندگان
چکیده
In glioma, microglia and infiltrating macrophages are exposed to factors that force them to produce cytokines and chemokines, which contribute to tumor growth and to maintaining a pro-tumorigenic, immunosuppressed microenvironment. We demonstrate that housing glioma-bearing mice in enriched environment (EE) reverts the immunosuppressive phenotype of infiltrating myeloid cells, by modulating inflammatory gene expression. Under these conditions, the branching and patrolling activity of myeloid cells is increased, and their phagocytic activity is promoted. Modulation of gene expression depends on interferon-(IFN)-γ produced by natural killer (NK) cells. This modulation disappears in mice depleted of NK cells or lacking IFN-γ, and was mimicked by exogenous interleukin-15 (IL-15). Further, we describe a key role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that is produced in the brain of mice housed in EE, in mediating the expression of IL-15 in CD11b+ cells. These data define novel mechanisms linking environmental cues to the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory, anti-tumor microenvironment in mouse brain.
منابع مشابه
Microglial dynamics during brain development
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). In the normal state, microglia have a ramified shape and continuously survey the conditions of the brain. In response to various stimuli, some microglia change to an amoeboid shape. This type of microglia is motile and produces several secretory proteins, including inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors, which...
متن کاملAdult Cortical Plasticity
Plasticity of the brain is a lifelong phenomenon. In general, cortical plasticity describes changes of neuronal wiring and function in the cerebral cortex in response to new challenges of external or internal origin. External stimuli are environmental conditions that impose new tasks on the system. Internal stimuli can be normal developmental demands or pathological lesions in the widest sense ...
متن کاملThe effect of food type on phenotypic plasticity of sword tail, Xiphophurus helleri, during early ontogeny
Phenotypic plasticity is an important mechanism of phenotypic adaptation in response to environmental conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of food type on the body shape of swordtail, Xiphoohurus helleri, during early development using geometric morphometric method. For this purpose, two treatments including feed by Artemia naupli and commercial Biomar diet were used i...
متن کاملThe phenotypic plasticity of the aquatic invertebrate Caenis latipennis in response to environmental conditions in the Kheirood Kenar River, Iran
Phenotypic plasticity is the capability of an organism to change its shape in response to the environmental condition. The present study aimed to investigate the phenotypic plasticity of the aquatic invertebrate Caenis latipennis using outline analysis. Samples were collected from up- and downstream of the Kheirood Kenar River, identified to the species level and photographed using a digital ca...
متن کاملPlasticity in Glioma Stem Cell Phenotype and Its Therapeutic Implication
The marked heterogeneity in glioblastoma (GBM) may be induced through dynamic differentiation and dedifferentiation process of glioma cells. The hypothesis that environmental stimuli induce these phenotypic changes, including dedifferentiation into the stem cell phenotype which contributes to the high invasiveness and resultant poor outcome in GBM patients, is recently being proven. In the proc...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 6 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2017